In mordike bl, kainer ku eds magnesium alloys and their applications, werkstoffinformationsgesellschaft mbh, frankfurt, germany, pp. Reducing vehicle weight is an important approach for increasing fuel economy, addressing regulatory requirements, and meeting consumer needs. The heavy envelopes enclose data for a given class of material. Alloy design and processing design of magnesium alloys using. Rz5, zre1, msr and eq21 alloys are widely used for aircraft engine and gearbox casings. In the present work, aluminum, silicon and mis chmetal were added to magnesium lithium base alloy in order to study the effect of these elements on their microstructure and mechanical properties. This was due to the low melting point of the a phase which can. In the context of this lecture not every individual alloy and its properties have been treated in detail, but rather divided into alloy types with reference to the most commonly used alloys. The effects of forging on the microstructure and tensile. The higher oxidation reactivity of calcium causes a coat of calcium oxide to form before magnesium ignites. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties intechopen.
Magnesium alloy az31 online catalogue source supplier of. The resistance of the alloy also depends on the degree of cold work carried out prior to use. In general the constituent elements have the fol lowing effects. Two major magnesium alloy systems are available to the designer. Ascast az91d magnesium alloy properties effect of microstructure and temperature the journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. Magnesium alloy components are 34% lighter than aluminum and 76% lighter than steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ascast. These alloys are characterised by relatively good castability and are distinguished by excellent corrosion resistance due to high magnesium content 3, 4. Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. For the cast alloys, this includes the aluminumcopper alloys 2xx. Adding different alloying elements would result in different properties at different conditions. China 2college of materials, chongqing institute of technology, 4 xingsheng road, yangjiaping, chongqing 400050, p. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. Excellent strength, especially with the fibres lying parallel to the main load direction.
This alloy features high strength, poor corrosion resistance and weldability, good workability, and fair machinability. Magnesium anditsalloys, structures, properties, effects of. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Pdf structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. The material and its properties magnesium diecasting. Properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys trends in. Pdf microstructure and tensile properties of the mg6zn. Magnesium characteristics, properties, and applications. Beer and soda cans dont have the same requirements as aerospace alloys, yet a small amount of magnesium is used in the aluminum alloy that forms these cans. The material and its properties characteristic physical properties magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. Structure and properties of magnesium cast alloys sciencedirect. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy presents an authoritative overview of all aspects of magnesium alloy metallurgy, including physical metallurgy, deformation, corrosion and applications.
Searchable list of plastics, metals, and ceramics categorized into a fields like polypropylene, nylon, abs, aluminum alloys, oxides, etc. High strength and corrosion resistance are critical to aerospace alloys, as well as helicopter and race car gearboxes, many of which rely on magnesium alloys. Structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy 1st edition. Materials and experimental procedures the ascast magnesium mgzr alloy and magnesium alloy we43 were used for investigation of structure and properties in experimental part of the work. To this end, a new alloy with extrudability and properties similar to 6000 series aluminum alloys has been developed. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Besides, strontium was found to be a potential effective grain refiner for magnesium alloys. Magnesium alloys are also used in many other engineering applications where being lightweight is a significant advantage. Magnesium alloys with their unique physical and chemical properties are important candidates for many modern engineering applications. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of. A highspecificstrength and corrosionresistant magnesium. The relationship between the initial structure, casting parameters, phase composition, and mechanical properties in magnesium alloys will be. This is because of relatively high melting point of needle shape al 11 re 3 particles.
Alloy development, processing and applications in magnesium. This alloy is often extruded, but it can also be found in sheet and plate form. Metallurgical materials science and alloy design aluminium. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesium aluminum based alloys containing strontium aitao tang 1, fusheng pan. One of the remarkable features of alloys is the significant difference made by individual rareearth metals when they are added to magnesium. It can be alloyed with other metals, making them more beneficial. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical. Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. The effects of er addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of zk60 alloy were investigated. Good strength to weight ratios, high temperature stability and corrosion resistance see these alloys used in aerospace, automotive and other applications. Structure and properties describes the constitution and properties of magnesiumbased alloys containing rareearth metals. Zinc magnesium is one of numerous high purity alloys manufactured by american elements. Magnesium base products are available in a wide range of mechanical properties. Their density, being the lowest of all structural metals, makes them the primary choice in global attempts aimed at reducing the weight of transportation vehicles.
Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of. The physical properties of the alloys change based on their chemical compositions. Magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns. Shaw, pennsylvania state university magnesium and magnesium alloys are often thought of as rapidly corroding metals because of their active positions in both the electromotive force emf series table 1 and the galvanic series for seawater see fig. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 269 in the previous works it was observed that az91 alloy had poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. This alloy was quickly adopted in 1911 for structural members of the zeppelin airships and then for the first all metal aircraft, the junkers f, that first flew in 1919.
How can properties be modified by post heat treatment. The properties of am alloys will increase from 19 to 28% and as21ae42 from 0. Its properties make it easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. Effect of deformation on the mechanical and electrical. Mechanical properties and microstructure of new magnesium. Search results are detailed data sheets with tensile strength, density, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, poissons ratio, glass transition temperature, and vicat softening point. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of fabrication, heat treatment, and other factors. Very good properties for pressuresealed components because of a forging process in preventing a porous microstructure 21. Sep 21, 2016 the influence of the heat treatment on structure and properties of aluminium castings has been determined as well. But the usage of magnesium alloys in more complex applications is limited by insufficient properties regarding. Mechanical properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Effects of copper and magnesium on microstructure and. Corrosion resistance is achieved by enforcing very strict limits on three metallic impuritiesiron, copper and nickel.
Introduction to magnesium alloys chapter 1 magnesium is the lightest common structural metal with a density of 1. As a master alloy, zinc magnesium can be used for grain refining, hardening, and improving alloy performance by enhancing properties such as ductility and machinability. The nature, amount and distribution of the secondary phase, mg2si, particles precipitated within the matrix which was influenced by the extent of coldwork, are responsible for the observed behaviour. The data in this collection focus on mechanical and physical properties of magnesium that are relevant to engineers in the design of lightweight components and structures. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum. It is normal practice to prepare these alloys from the higher grades of aluminum 99. In order to improve significantly the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, all the castings for cars and bikes are subjected to solution heattreatments. Magnesium alloys properties in solid and liquid states. Pure magnesium and various magnesium alloys were chosen as the matrix material and both powder metallurgical pm and melting processes were used for production of the composites. Based on the findings above, the influence of microstructure on properties of the alloys is discussed. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties. The ignition temperature of the alloy is elevated by 200300 k. This will continue although it is likely that we43 will be used increasingly for its corrosion and high temperature properties.
Magnesium zirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. Copper magnesium is one of numerous metal alloys sold by american elements under the trade name ae alloys. Alloys in which manganese is the principal alloying element. As a result of alloy development this will be reduced to 67% by 2002.
Influence of tool rotation speeds on mechanical and morphological properties of friction stir processed nano hybrid composite of mwcntgrapheneaz31 magnesium. It is strong, has good heat dissipation, good damping and is readily available. Mgli alloys can be aged hardened, although they tend to average at about 60c. Magnesium is the lightest of all light metal alloys and therefore is an excellent choice for engineering applications when weight is a critical design element. Composition optimization and mechanical properties of mg. Age hardened aluminium alloys have continued to be the principal materials for aircraft construction which, in turn, has provided continuing stimulus for new alloy development. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth rich magnesium casting alloy v. Corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys revised by barbara a. This second edition of magnesium alloys containing rareearth metals. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Aug 18, 2017 it has become the most researched element in past few years because of its versatile properties in engineering. Heat treatment was carried out to increase the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties 2 of the microstructure. The thermal conductivity at 125 c was 20 % less for az31 and 28 % less for az61 compared to that at room temperature. Ebert department of material science and engineering, technical uni6ersity of clausthal, sachsenweg 8, 38678 clausthalzellerfeld, germany abstract magnesium is the lightest of all metals used as the basis for constructional alloys. May 04, 2001 magnesium alloys are used in wrought forms such as extruded bars, section and tubes as well as forgings and rolled sheet. Aluminium improves strength, hardness and ductility, facilitating the alloy s casting process. Aluminium magnesium casting alloys have a wide range of application, especially in the automotive and shipborne industry that is directly related to their good mechanical properties 1, 2. The lithium content in magnesium was adjusted in order to produce. Download a pdf of its characteristics and material properties. Research within the cast cooperative research centre has tackled some of the important issues related to the use of magnesium in structural applications. A magnesium based alloy with large lithium content demonstrates high specific strength in combination with corrosion resistance, associated with the formation of a. Abstractaluminum alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. This has led to extensive research focused on understanding the properties of magnesium and how these can be controlled during processing.
Magnesium alloy properties a31115 standard 322 magnesium alloy characteristics a31215 guidelines 323 6 zinc and za alloys 326. Physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties other designations introduction. The resistivity of we54 alloy measured at 77 k decreases in two stages fig. Magnesium alloys are among the lightest structural metals and offer tremendous weight saving potential. Mechanical properties and structure of magnesium alloy as31 a.
Specific yield and ultimate strength of the investigated alloy were reported to be higher if compared to the more common az91 magnesium alloys and comparable to that of the widely used a356 cast aluminum alloy. Very large magnesium castings can be made, such as intermediate compressor casings for turbine engines. Magnesium s discovery, properties, applications, structures, alloys, effect of alloying elements, binary alloy system of magnesium, advantages and disadvantages. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesiumrare earth alloy. Also, the thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys decreases with an increase in the percentage of aluminum, due to the interference of a precipitation in a solid solution. During the ageing, the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cell structure is created and has influence on the dependence va f n ishikawa et al. Visit to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free pdf. Adding 2% of calcium by weight to magnesium alloy am60 results in the noncombustible magnesium alloy amca602. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesium. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at elevated temperatures.
Generally immediately available in most volumes, ae alloys are available as bar, ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Magnesium alloys are the third most popular nonferrous casting material. These alloys are widely available at moderate cost, and their roomtemperature mechanical properties are maintained to 95 to 120 c 200 to 250 f. There is interest in magnesiumzinccalcium alloys for fig. All the a particles are dissolved in the matrix due to their low thermal properties but al11re3 particles remain unchanged. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf.
In case of the alloy after treatment 1 and 2 its hardness decreases insignificantly compared to the ascast state. Listopadu 15, 708 33 ostrava, czech republic b department of materials engineering, fmme, vsbtechnical university of ostrava, 17. Available alloy forms include sheets and plates, discs, foils, rods, tubes, wires, and. Nov, 2008 the use of magnesium alloys in structural applications has great potential for the lightweighting of transportation vehicles. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy sciencedirect. The effects of forging on the microstructure and tensile properties of magnesium alloys az31 and zk60 david poerschke case western reserve university, cleveland, oh, usa abstract magnesium alloys have gained considerable attention in the last fifteen years for application in. Mechanical properties and structure of magnesium alloy as31. Selecting the right alloy for a given application entails. Pdf properties of magnesium alloys reinforced with. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties, high strengthtoweight ratio. However, magnesium also creates challenges at certain stages of raw alloy melting, fabrication of.
The majority of the tonnage of mg alloys is ascast, wherein structure and properties depend on casting parameters. One rather disappointing property of highstrength aluminum alloys is their. Cizekb a foundry department, fmme, vsbtechnical university of ostrava, 17. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys.
Mgre alloys and their applications fast and effective mapping of the temperature ranges of phase transformations can be done by the measurement of electrical resistivity response to the isochronal annealing. Alloys in which copper is the principal alloying element, although other elements, notably magnesium, may be specified. Calcium magnesium alloy is generally immediately available in most volumes. The alloy has acquired the highest hardness after aging treatment and cooling in the furnace. Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures. Microstructure and properties of casting magnesium alloys. The casting magnesium alloy after the heat treatment of type 1 and 2 is characteristic of a ductile fracture. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys abstract. Towards magnesium alloys for highvolume automotive applications. Alloy data 3 s e c t i o n3 section contents nadca no. Modulus of elasticity varies from 6,500 psi 45 gpa for magnesium alloys to 11,800 psi 81.
The magnesium in the commercial alloys ranges all the way from 0. Each element affects the alloy both independently and interactively. Ultimate tensile strengths range from 31 ksi 210 mpa for magnesium alloy as41a to 60 ksi 414 mpa for za27, a ratio of approximately two to one. How do properties vary throughout a piece of material that has been quenched, for example. The mechanical properties of the composites were generally enhanced. Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of aluminium copper magnesium alloy girisha.
Rumi to my parents, who had given me dreams to look forward to. Magnesium is a silverywhite metal which is used as an alloy element for zinc, lead, aluminum, and other nonferrous alloys. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth. Magnesium alloys are light weight and feature superior machinability and ease of casting.